Improved Bonding Strength of Hydroxyapatite on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays following Alkaline Pretreatment for Orthopedic Implants

Figure 5

X-ray diffraction spectra of the electrodeposited HA coatings on Ti and ATi at the temperatures of 5°C and 25°C and the applied voltages of +20/−4 V and +35/−4 V, with NaOH pretreatment (P) and without NaOH pretreatment.