The Roll of NaPSS Surfactant on the Ceria Nanoparticles Embedding in Polypyrrole Films

Figure 6

Electrostatic repulsions between positive cerium oxide and PPy⁺ (a); electrostatic interactions between negatively charged CeO₂ nanoparticles (in the presence of NaPSS) and cationic PPy⁺ matrix (b).