Mechanisms of Cellular Effects Directly Induced by Magnetic Nanoparticles under Magnetic Fields

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2017/1564634/figures/1564634.fig.003a.svgz" name="1564634.fig.003a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Drag force</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2017/1564634/figures/1564634.fig.003b.svgz" name="1564634.fig.003b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Magnetic torque</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2017/1564634/figures/1564634.fig.003c.svgz" name="1564634.fig.003c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Aggregation</td></tr></table>

<div>Mechanical force from the interaction of MNPs and magnetic fields for controlling cell status. (a) By applying a gradient magnetic field, the magnetic nanoparticles get a drag force used for the control of cells. (b) The mechanical torque induced by MNPs from the change of direction of the applied magnetic field was also used to control cells. (c) Aggregation of MNPs may induce the cluster of MNPs-attached receptors under a magnetic field and then initiate the signal transduction. Copyright © 2010, Endocrine Society.</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Figure 3: Mechanisms of Cellular Effects Directly Induced by Magnetic Nanoparticles under Magnetic Fields 