Bacterial Stress and Osteoblast Responses on Graphene Oxide-Hydroxyapatite Electrodeposited on Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays

Table 1

Toxicity of GO-coated sample on MC3T3-E1, S. aureus, and E. coli. (+) indicates cytotoxicity and (−) indicates no harmful effects to the cells.

GO concentration on HA-ATi	Organism	Toxicity ()
0 μg/ml	MC3T3-E1	−
	S. aureus	−
	E. coli	−
50 μg/ml	MC3T3-E1	−
	S. aureus	−
	E. coli	−
100 μg/ml	MC3T3-E1	−
	S. aureus	+
	E. coli	+
150 μg/ml	MC3T3-E1	−
	S. aureus	+
	E. coli	+
200 μg/ml	MC3T3-E1	−
	S. aureus	+
	E. coli	+