Natural Transformation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Cytotoxicity and Mutagenicity

Figure 3

Survival fractions of cells after pristine or alkalized nanoparticle (NP) exposure. Naturally alkalized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) induced lower cytotoxicity than that of pristine NPs in cells grown in supplemental Ham’s F12 medium. Results are expressed as the percent of cell activity compared to the control using different NP concentrations for 72 h. The data are presented as the of at least three independent experiments. The values represented by a dashed line are significant () when compared to the survival fraction of the control group.