Concurrent Synthesis of Zero- and One-Dimensional, Spherical, Rod-, Needle-, and Wire-Shaped CuO Nanoparticles by Proteus mirabilis 10B

Table 2

Antagonistic activities of CuO-NPs, metal precursor, and antibiotics on biofilm and algal growth.

Biofilm type		P. aeruginosa	S. aureus	C. vulgaris
Treatment	Concentration (μg/ml)	Inhibition%
CuO-NP type
Intracellular	150	55.2 ± 3.4	82.5 ± 6.9	67.4 ± 8.7
	300	84.1 ± 5.6	98.2 ± 4.8	92.3 ± 5.2
Extracellular	150	9.7 ± 2.3	13.6 ± 2.9	10.8 ± 1.2
	300	17.5 ± 4.9	19.1 ± 7.2	20.6 ± 4.6
Metal precursor
Cu(NO3)2	150	3.4 ± 0.9	10.1 ± 2.1	−27.2 ± 6.8
	300	5.18 ± 1.3	17.08 ± 6.1	−5.3 ± 1.0
Antibiotics
Rifamycin	150	53.1 ± 6.3	58.3 ± 7.4	ND
	300	80.8 ± 8.4	92.7 ± 6.7
Tetracycline	150	54.9 ± 3.9	62.7 ± 9.8
	300	87.5 ± 10.2	96.1 ± 9.3
Streptomycin	150	52.0 ± 6.8	58.0 ± 5.7
	300	78.2 ± 4.2	92.0 ± 10.2
Nystatin	150	ND		52.5 ± 5.6
	300			96.8 ± 12.1

ND: not detected.