Antifungal Activity of ZnO and MgO Nanomaterials and Their Mixtures against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Strains from Tropical Fruit

Figure 5

Deformation and structural changes were observed by optical (a) and atomic force microscopy (b). In both strains, the controls with normal hyphae without alterations (C-AG-14 and C-PG-16) are shown, while hyphae swallowed (red and white arrows) and melanization (blue arrows) were caused by the S4 and S3 nanoparticles, respectively.

(a)

(b)