Biosynthesis, Characterization of Some Combined Nanoparticles, and Its Biocide Potency against a Broad Spectrum of Pathogens

Table 3

Antimicrobial activity through the maximum inhibition zone of different concentrations of biogenic NPs, metal precursors, and antibiotics in parallel to a collective activity effect against planktonic pathogens.

Microorganism		Concentration (μg/ml)	Zone of inhibition (ZOI, mm)
Class	Strain		NP type				Metal precursor				Collective activity effect (120 μg/ml)	Antibiotics
			Ag	Co	Ni	Zn	Ag	CO	Ni	Zn		Rif.	Tet.	Strp.	Nyst.
Fungi	Aspergillus bracelleuse (ATCC 16404)	100	4.8	3.9	4.0	4.5	2.2	0.9	0.8	0.8	9.3	ND	ND	ND	5.3
		200	9.0	7.3	6.9	8.5	5.6	1.5	1.3	1.5		ND	ND	ND	9.5
	Candida albicans (ATCC 10231)	100	5.3	4.3	4.1	4.9	4.5	1.0	0.9	1.2	9.8	ND	ND	ND	6.1
		200	9.5	7.5	7.6	9.1	6.5	1.8	1.8	2.1		ND	ND	ND	10.2
Gram-negative bacteria	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853)	100	4.8	2.4	2.5	2.1	3.2	0.9	1.0	0.9	7.8	5.3	6.6	5.8	ND
		200	10.3	5.1	4.9	4.8	5.5	1.4	1.4	1.7		9.1	10.7	9.3	ND
	Salmonella typhi (ATTC 700931)	100	4.2	2.5	2.4	2.2	3.5	1.0	0.8	1.0	7.9	5.2	6.9	5.9	ND
		200	8.7	4.1	4.5	4.2	5.8	1.8	1.8	1.4		8.8	10.5	9.2	ND
	E. coli (ATCC 25922)	100	4.6	2.4	2.3	1.8	3.0	1.2	0.8	0.8	7.4	5.3	6.8	5.7	ND
		200	9.7	4.8	4.7	4.3	6.2	2.1	1.8	1.7		8.4	9.8	9.2	ND
Gram-positive bacteria	Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)	100	5.5	3.8	4.1	3.9	4.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	10.3	7.0	8.5	7.5	ND
		200	12.0	7.2	6.9	7.0	7.6	3.4	3.2	3.2		13.3	14.5	12.4	ND
	Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212)	100	4.5	2.4	2.3	2.5	3.7	0.8	0.8	0.8		6.3	7.4	6.1	ND
		200	9.3	5.3	5.0	5.1	7.4	2.1	2.3	2.3	8.6	9.8	12.3	10.3	ND
	Bacillus cereus (ATCC 7464)	100	6.3	4.0	4.3	4.2	4.7	1.8	1.4	1.5	12.8	7.5	8.7	8.1	ND
		200	13.4	8.8	8.1	8.5	8.0	4.1	4.0	4.2		14.8	15.8	13.7	ND
	Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923)	100	5.8	3.2	3.5	3.3	4.8	1.8	1.3	1.5	11.5	6.7	8.0	7.3	ND
		200	11.7	7.0	7.1	6.9	8.0	3.9	4.0	4.3		12.6	14.7	13.6	ND