Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology

Table 1

Imaging modalities achieved using gold nanoparticles by inclusion of various moieties or formulation methods.

Imaging modality	Formulation method
X-ray/CT	Gold nanoparticles
MRI	Inclusion of heavy metals (gadolinium, iron oxide)
Ultrasound	Core-shell structure with high acoustic impedance
Fluorescence	Inclusion of fluorescent dyes
Photoacoustic	Inclusion of fluorescent dyes
Nuclear imaging	Radioisotopes (^64Cu, ^111In)