In Situ Investigation of the Early-Stage Growth of Nanoporous Alumina

Figure 3

GISAXS images during a single anodization under 90 V with phosphoric acid (3 wt%) at (a) 0 s, (b) 502 s, (c) 1046 s, and (d) 4000 s. A video of the GISAXS images was recorded during the anodization (Supplementary 1).