Exosomes: A Paradigm in Drug Development against Cancer and Infectious Diseases

Table 4

Exosomes used for cancer therapy.

Exosomal cargo	Secreting cell	Recipient cell/patient	Activity	Ref.
DC-exosomes pulsed with functional MHC/peptide molecules	Dendritic cell	Metastatic melanoma patients	Cancer immunotherapy strategy (cancer vaccine)	[28]
DC-derived exosomes loaded with MAGE tumor antigens	Dendritic cell	Advanced non-small cell lung cancer	Cancer immunotherapy strategy (cancer vaccine)	[29]
exosome-delivered siRNA	Deliver tumor suppressors to their target sites by exosomes	Cancer cells	Posttranscriptional gene silencing and apoptotic cell death of targeted cancer cells	[30]
CMV-delivered miRNA-128		Glioblastoma	Can affect cancer cell behavior Inhibits Glioma proliferation and self-renewal	[31]
CMV-delivered miRNA-7		Glioblastoma	Inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor and down-regulate the Akt-pathway	[32]
Aex in combination with GM-CSF	Ascites	Advanced colorectal cancer	Used as immunotherapy –tumor specific antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte	[33]
mmnResistant anticancer drug-treated HepG2 cells -derived exosomes	Resistant anticancer drug-treated HepG2 cells	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Elicit effective NK-cell antitumor responses in vitro; Vaccine for Hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy	[34]
Brain endothelial cell-derived exosomes	Brain endothelial cell	Brain cancer	Can deliver anticancer drugs across the BBB	[35]
List of various types	Refer to the reference	Various	Nanoscale cancer vaccine	[36]
List of tumor suppressive miRNA	Refer to the reference	Various	Tumor suppressive	[37]
Dox-loaded exosomes and Dox-loaded nanovesicles	Cell-derived exosomes (monocytes/macrophages)	Malignant cells	Antitumor	[38]