Review Article

Perovskite-Based Solar Cells: Materials, Methods, and Future Perspectives

Table 1

Some representative devices, architectures, and their parameters and efficiencies (c-TiO2 and mp-TiO2 represent compact and mesoporous TiO2, resp.).

Device architectureHTMFFη/%Ref.
(mA·cm−2)

Based on MAPbI3
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/Au
(one-step solution method)
Spiro-OMeTAD18.941.070.6513.23[33]
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/Au
(two-step solution method)
Spiro-OMeTAD21.521.040.67215.08[34]
FTO/c-TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/AgSpiro-OMeTAD19.80.9240.66312.1[35]
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/AuMeO-PheDOT18.310.9140.63610.64[36]
FTO/mp-TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/AuP3HT12.60.730.7326.7[37]
FTO/HTM/MAPbI3/PCBM/AgCuyCrzO217.19~
20.08
1.00~
1.07
0.68~
0.7
12.24~15.30[38]
FTO/HTM/MAPbI3/PCBM/AgCu:CrOx16.020.980.710.99[39]
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/AuCu2ZnSnS420.541.060.58712.75[33]
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTM/AuCu(In,Ga)(S,Se)217.660.940.5499.15[34]
FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/AuNone17.80.9050.6510.49[40]
Perovskites based on mixed X halide
FTO/TiO2/Clx/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD21.451.080.7417.14[41]
ITO/Y-TiO2/Clx/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD22.751.130.7519.3[31]
FTO/c-TiO2/Clx/HTM/AgSpiro-OMeTAD21.51.070.6715.4[30]
ITO/HTM//C60/Bphen/Ca/AgPEDOT:PSS20.91.020.72215.4[42]
FTO/TiO2/Clx/HTM/AuCuGaO221.661.110.7718.51[41]
FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/Brx/HTM/AuPTAA19.51.090.7616.2[43]
Perovskites based on mixed A-site cations
FTO/c-TiO2/FAPbI3/MAPbI3/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD20.971.0320.7416.01[44]
ITO/HTM/FA0.4MA0.6PbI3/C60/CuPTAA23.01.030.7718.3[45]
FTO/TiO2/FA0.8MA0.1Cs0.1/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD21.51.1550.7318.1[46]
FTO/SnO2/FA0.8MA0.1Cs0.1/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD22.41.1290.6817.3[46]
FTO/TiO2/ZrO2/(5-AVA)xPbI3/Carbon
(certificated by an accredited photovoltaic calibration laboratory)
None22.80.8580.6612.84[47]
FTO/TiO2/ZrO2/(5-AVA)xPbI3/Carbon
(perovskite film with larger grain size of 30 μm)
None22.570.8010.6211.35[48]
Perovskites based on mixed A- and X-site ions
FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/(SrCl2)0.1:MAPbI3/CarbonNone20.181.050.7515.9[49]
FTO/TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/HTM/CarbonPEDOT23.51.050.6917.0[45]
FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/HTM/AuPTAA22.51.110.7318.4[50]
All-inorganic metal halide perovskites
FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CsPbBr3/Carbon None7.41.240.736.7[51]
FTO/c-TiO2/CsPbI3 QDs/HTM/MoOx/AlSpiro-OMeTAD13.471.230.6510.77[52]
FTO/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/CsPbIBr2/HTM/Au Spiro-OMeTAD7.81.130.726.3[53]
ITO/c-TiO2/CsPbI2Br/HTM/AgSpiro-OMeTAD13.991.100.6710.34[54]
FTO/c-TiO2/PbI2Br/HTM/AuSpiro-OMeTAD11.61.180.7310.0[55]