(1) Human dermal fibroblasts (hDF) for representing adventitial tissue. (2) Human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC) for mimicking tunica media. (3) Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) as replacement for tunica intima.
The LD50 values for hDf, AoSMC, and HAEC were 50 μm, 70 μm, and 265 μm, respectively. Cell attachment, spreading, and migration were affected by increased Zn levels.
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) derived from bone marrow. Culture medium was α-MEM without nucleotides, containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
Cell motility was higher for Zn than for AZ31. The mineralization of ECM and hMSC osteogenic differentiation was enhanced when cells were cultured with Zn or AZ31 with increased expression of bone-related genes, including ALP, collagen І, and osteopontin. The intracellular Zn2+ led to the enhanced regulation of genes, cell survival/growth and differentiation, ECM mineralization, and osteogenesis.
U-2 OS cells (human cell line derived from osteosarcoma) maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; L929 cells (murine fibroblasts) maintained in minimum essential medium.
Zn is less biocompatible than Mg, and the maximum safe concentration of Zn2+ for U-2 OS and L929 cells is 120 μM and 80 μM, respectively. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests did not indicate any negative effect connected with the use of Zn.
U-2 OS cells (human cell line derived from osteosarcoma); L929 cells (murine fibroblasts).
Preincubation decreased the initial corrosion rate of the alloy and increased the metabolic activity of L929 after indirect testing and number of U-2 OS cells adhering onto the alloy surface. The osteoblast-like cell grew directly on the samples.
