|
| NG composition | Type of NG | Drug used | Method of preparation | Results and applications | References |
|
| PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) | Charge conversional and reduction-sensitive NG | Doxorubicin | Inverse nanoprecipitation | Better cell toxicity.
Improved targeted intracellular drug release. | [114] |
| Dextrin with formaldehyde as a cross-linker | pH-sensitive NG | Doxorubicin | Emulsion cross-linking method | Efficacious antitumor activity
It is an important candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancer. | [104] |
| Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGA) | Polypeptide-based NG | 17-AAG
Doxorubicin | Cross-linking method | Improved anticancer activity
Effective cytotoxicity in a breast cancer cell panel | [33, 115] |
| P(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-co-butyl methacrylates) | Temperature-sensitive NG dispersion | Doxorubicin | Emulsion polymerization method | Improved efficacy for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of iohexol dispersion (IBi-D) was observed on rabbit VX2 liver tumors. | [116] |
| Poly (N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNiPMA), PDA-PEG, 4-methoxybenzoic acid (MBA) | pH, thermal, and redox potential triple-responsive expansile NG (TRN) | Pc 4 | | Targeted delivery of pc 4 to sigma 2 receptors in head and neck tumors. | [117] |
| Glycol chitosan (GC) conjugated with 2,3-dimethylmaleic acid (dma) and fullerene (C60) conjugate (GC-g-DMA-g-C60) | Acid pH-responsive NG | Photosensitizer drug | Two-step chemical grafting reaction | Beneficial to target endosomes and in vivo photodynamic therapy in different types of malignant tumors. | [118] |
| Dextrin with glyoxal as a cross-linker | pH-sensitive NG | Doxorubicin | Emulsion cross-linking method | Rapid release effective internalization of doxorubicin.
Reduced side effects to cardiomyocytes and stem cells. | [119] |
| Chitin poly (L-lactic acid) | pH-responsive composite NG | Doxorubicin | | Blood compatibility of the system was confirmed by in vitro coagulation assay and hemolytic assay.
Effective for the treatment of liver cancer. | [120] |
| Chitin | pH-sensitive NG | 5-Fluorouracil | Controlled regeneration chemistry method | Loosening of the epidermis after its interaction with negatively charged chitin with no inflammation.
Important drug carriers for skin cancer therapy. | [121] |
| Folic acid conjugated poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methacrylic acid) | Ligand-gated polyelectrolyte NG | Cisplatin | Cross-linking method | In vivo anticancer effect strengthens their use for the treatment of ovarian cancer. | [122] |
| Acetylated chondroitin sulfate (CS) | Self-organizing NG | Doxorubicin | Dialysis method | Drug was internalized into the cytoplasm through endocytosis.
Effective drug carrier for anticancer therapy. | [70] |
| N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) | pH-thermal dual-responsive NG | Cisplatin (CDDP) | Emulsion polymerization method | Extended circulation time.
Reduced side effects
Better antitumor activity for the treatment of breast cancer. | [123] |
| In situ immobilization of CdSe quantum dots in interior of hydroxypropyl cellulose poly(acrylic acid) (HPC-PAA) | pH and temperature-responsive NG | Temozolomide | Polymerization method | High drug loading, better stability, and pH-dependent sustained release.
Used in cell imaging and optical pH sensing. | [32] |
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