Polymeric Nanogels as Versatile Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Table 2

Applications of NG tissue engineering and gene therapy.

NG composition	Type of NG	Drug/agent used	Method of preparation	Results and applications	References
CHOPA-PEGSH	Hybrid NG	W9 peptide	Cross-linking	Bone repair, sustained release	[124]
Pullulan-collagen; 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane	PHD hybrid NG	1,2,7,8-Diepoxyoctane	Cross-linking	Tissue filler materials	[125]
Dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine	pH-sensitive NG	siRNA	Thiol-Michael nanoprecipitation method	In vitro gene silencing.; Gene therapy	[126]
Chitosan–myristic acid; NG (CMA)	Cross-linked NG	Aryldialkylphosphatase	“Self-assembly via chemical modification” method	Enhanced pH and thermal stability; Used for detoxification of paraoxon	[127]
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-polyglycerol	Thermoresponsive NG	Biomacromolecules		Enhanced stability and release of protein; Effective for the topical delivery of biomacromolecules	[128]
Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)	Functionalized NG	Oligonucleotides (ODN)	Cross-linking and polymerization	Negligible cytotoxicity; Bypass cellular membranes; Effective nanocarriers for gene delivery	[129]
Polyethyleneimine (PEI)	Microenvironment-responsive functional NG	Gene	Cross-linking and polymerization	Reduced cytotoxicity; Enhanced transfection efficiency; Potential gene therapy	[106]
Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), poly(methoxydiethylene glycol methacrylate) (poly(MeODEGM)) and poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylamide hydrochloride) (poly(AEMA))	Thermosensitive NG	Protein	Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer [56] and polymerization technique	Temperature-sensitive controlled release of proteins from biodegradable NG	[130]
Enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) with cholesterol group	Artificial chaperon		Hydrophobic modification self-assembly method	Enhanced thermal stability of enzyme; Used for biomedical and protein engineering	[131]
Cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (CHP) complexed with methyl-b-cyclodextrin (M-b-CD)	Artificial chaperon			Protein synthesis was not affected.; Help in folding of active proteins.	[132]