Polymeric Nanogels as Versatile Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Table 3

NGs for the management of pain.

NG composition	Type of NG	Drug/agent used	Method of preparation	Results and applications	References
NIPAAM, MAA	Magnetic NG	Bupivacaine	Free radical emulsion polymerization method	Rapid release at low temperature and pH; Effective for the treatment of ankle block	[133]
Pluronic F127, hyaluronic acid (HA)	Thermogel	Bupivacaine		Easy to inject in situ gel for localized affect sustained release profile; Less cytotoxic	[109]
Chitosan	Thermogel	Rupivacaine		Controlled release; Efficacious delivery system for local anesthetic affect	[134]
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); (PNIPAM)	Temperature-sensitive NG	Bupivacaine	Polymerization	Less cytotoxic enhanced drug uptake	[135]
Alginate, chitosan	NG	Bupivacaine		Acceptable cytotoxicity and stability; Slower drug release	[136]
Poly (e-caprolactone)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL–PEG–PCL); Pluronic F-127	Thermoresponsive NG	Lidocaine	Emulsion solvent evaporation method	Prolonged anesthetic affect with lesser toxicity; Enhanced retention of local anesthetic	[137]
Methacrylic acid–ethyl acrylate cross-linked with diallyl phthalate	pH-sensitive NG	Bupivacaine	Emulsion polymerization	Enhanced pH-dependent anesthetic affect	[138]