Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Thermochromic M-Phase VO₂ Particles via Rapid One-Step Hydrothermal Reaction: Effect of Mixers

Figure 4

(a) The SEM images of samples synthesized under differing flow rates from a system that utilized either a Center T-Mixer or a Collision Cross-Mixer—magnification 7,000. (b) The SEM images of the samples synthesized under differing flow rates from a system that utilized either a Center T-Mixer or a Collision Cross-Mixer—magnification 27,000. (c) Particle size distribution of samples synthesized under flow rates of 4 mL hot water/min and 2 mL reactant solution/min from a system that utilized either a Center T-Mixer or a Collision Cross-Mixer.

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