Research Article
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondrial Dynamic Imbalance and Damage in HT22 Cells
Figure 5
Effect of TiO2 NPs exposure on oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the production of ATP in HT22 cells. (a) ROS levels, (b) MDA levels, (c) GSH levels, (d) MMP, and (e) ATP production. (, , and .) ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: reduced glutathione hormone; MMP: mitochondrial membrane potential; ATP: adenosine triphosphate.
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