Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondrial Dynamic Imbalance and Damage in HT22 Cells

<div>Cytotoxicity induced by TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs treatment. (a–d) Cell death caused by TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs treatment in HT22 cells estimated by Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Typical fluorescence microscopy images of the control group and the groups treated with various concentrations of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs: (a) Hoechst 33342 (blue); (b) PI (red); (c) merged. (d) The proportion of dead cells after being treated for 24 and 48 h (<span class="nowrap"><svg height="13.532pt" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.4295pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.1025 50.6052 13.532" width="50.6052pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M486 158C486 177 478 202 466 220C413 228 386 236 336 262C386 288 413 297 466 304C478 323 486 347 485 366C470 376 444 381 422 380C389 338 368 319 321 288C323 345 329 372 349 422C339 442 322 461 305 470C289 461 271 442 262 422C281 372 287 345 290 288C243 319 222 338 189 380C167 381 142 376 125 366C125 347 133 322 145 304C198 296 225 288 275 262C225 236 198 227 145 220C133 201 125 177 126 158C141 148 167 143 189 144C222 186 243 205 290 236C288 179 282 152 262 102C272 82 289 63 306 54C322 63 340 82 350 102C330 152 324 179 321 236C368 205 390 186 422 144C444 143 470 148 486 158Z"></path></g><g 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Representative flow cytometry data of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs-treated HT22 cells showing the ratio of late apoptotic cells and early apoptotic cells in Q2 and Q3 for 24 h and 48 h. FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: propidium iodide.</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondrial Dynamic Imbalance and Damage in HT22 Cells 