Review Article
3D Nanostructures for Tissue Engineering, Cancer Therapy, and Gene Delivery
Table 2
Carbon nanotubes used in the manufacture of bone tissues.
| Method of NP synthesis | Type of NPs | Cell type | Mechanical strength (MPa) | Application | Ref. |
| In situ hybrid CNTs with bacterial cellulose (BC) | BC | Osteogenic cells | 0.474 | In situ | [63] | Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) | Hydroxyapatite | Osteoblastic and fibroblast (L-929) cells | 89 | In situ | [64] | Thermal | Hydroxyapatite | Human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines | ā | In vitro | [65] | CVD | Graphene (G) nanosheets and HAp-polyether ether ketone (PEEK) | MG-63 cells and human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) | 78.65 | In vitro | [66] | Freeze-drying method | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Osteoblast cells | | In vitro | [67] | Freeze-drying method | Polysaccharide HAp | MG 63 cell line | 0.222 | In vitro | [68] | Thermal | Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) | MG63 osteoblast-like cells | 3.5 | In vitro | [69] |
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