Characterization and Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Bioink in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of hydrogel preparation and printing. (a) First step: chitosan reacting with EDTA, unreacted carboxyl groups (green) take part in the next step. (b) Second step: additional chitosan is added to the solution and crosslinked with CaCl₂ solution after printing to form hydrogel. (c) Hydrogel printing method.

(a)

(b)

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