Characterization and Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Bioink in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Figure 4

(a) Storage and (b) loss modulus of chitosan/CE hydrogel. Four Chitosan/CE conjugate ratios tested. (c) Storage modulus () and loss modulus () of the bioink as a function of crosslinking time. Solid lines represent 45 min of crosslinking, and dashed lines represent 30 min of crosslinking. CaCl₂ (1 M) solution is used as the crosslinking agent.

(a)

(b)

(c)