Characterization and Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Bioink in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

<div>(a, b) Effect of crosslinker concentration on compressive strength of hydrogel and comparison with NFC/alginate hydrogel. (c) Storage modulus <svg height="11.6425pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 12.8205 11.6425" width="12.8205pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.892,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g></svg> and loss modulus <svg height="11.6425pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 15.8713 11.6425" width="15.8713pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.892,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.931,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g></svg> of the bioink as a function of crosslinker concentration. Solid lines represent storage modulus, and dashed lines represent loss modulus. (d) Study of shear thinning properties of four chitosan/CE conjugate ratios. (e) Swelling ratio in samples crosslinked with four concentrations of calcium solution ranging from 0.1 M to 2 M. In (a–c) and (e), the chitosan/CE conjugate ratio of the samples tested was 90 : 10 and the crosslinking time was 45 min for all samples.</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Characterization and Application of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Based Bioink in Cartilage Tissue Engineering 