A Review on Oil-Based Nanofluid as Next-Generation Insulation for Transformer Application

Table 3

Sonication method.

Ref.	Nanomaterials	Types of oil	Surfactants	Magnetic stirrer duration	Sonication duration
[63]	ZnO; BaTiO3; TiO2 (<100 nm)	Mineral oil	Sorbitan monooleate	30 minutes	2 hours
[64]	TiO2	Mineral oil	Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide	15 minutes	3 hours
[65]	TiO2; SiO2	Mineral oil	Span 80; Silane coupling agent Z6011	30 minutes	2 hours
[66]	Fe3O4	Mineral oil	Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide	—	2 hours
[67]	Fe2O3 (50 nm); SiO2 (12 nm)	FR3	Oleic acid	20 minutes	2 hours
[68]	SiO2 (15 nm)	Synthetic oil, Therminol 66 (TH66)	Benzethonium chloride (BZC); Benzalkonium chloride (BAC); CTAB	—	50 minutes