Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Root Extract of Kniphofia foliosa as a Template, Characterization, and Its Application on Drug Resistance Bacteria

Table 1

Antibacterial activity of TiO₂ NPs biosynthesized within 1 : 2, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1 ratios of titanium tetrabutoxide and root extract of Kniphofia foliosa, against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria strains (at the concentration of 35 mg/mL of TiO₂ NPs).

Precursor salt: plant extract ratio	S. aureus (mm)	S. pyogenes (mm)	E. coli (mm)	K. pneumonia (mm)
TiO2 (1 : 2)	6	6	7	6
TiO2 (1 : 1)	8	7	8	8
TiO2 (2 : 1)	7	6	7	7
DMSO	6	6	6	6
Gentamicin (+ve) control	6	6	9	10