Towards Sophisticated 3D Interphase Modelling of Advanced Bionanocomposites via Atomic Force Microscopy

Table 2

Modelling parameters measured for the calculation of in PVA bionanocomposites.

Modelling parameter	Nanoparticle content (wt%)	PVA/HNT^a	PVA/Cloisite 30B clay
(nm)	3	64.5	34.1
	5	168.5	54.3
	10	245.7	141.6
(nm)	3	836	436
	5	2460	1836.2
	10	4645	3141
(nm)	3	208	109
	5	410	206
	10	900.6	560
^b (nm)	5	8.6	10.7

Note. ^a, , and are the maximum, minimum, and mean equivalent diameters of anisotropic particles, which represent the maximum, minimum, and mean equivalent lengths of HNTs, respectively, in PVA/HNT bionanocomposites according to equations (A.24)–(A.34) in Appendix A. ^b is the average interphase thickness for the model development based on the assumption that the interphase generated between nanoparticles and polymer matrices was typically considered at the filler content of 5 wt% in PVA bionanocomposites.