Facile-Controlled Epitaxial Growth Direction of Heterogeneous Core/Shell Structured NaLnF₄ Nanocrystals through Traditional Methods

Figure 1

(a) TEM image of β-NaYF₄ nanoparticles, (b) TEM image, and (c) HRTEM image of dumbbell-like nanoparticles with epitaxial growth of NaNdF₄ shell in the [0001] direction (longitudinal growth). (d) Elemental mapping of the distribution of Nd³⁺ and Y³⁺ ions within a single dumbbell-like nanocrystal (inset in (c): schematic epitaxial growth of NaNdF₄ in the longitudinal direction).

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