Design and Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials for Sensor Applications

Table 1

Sensors based on polymer nanocomposites.

Polymer nanocomposite (sensory material)	Analyte	Detection limit	Reference
Zinc oxide nanoparticles intercalated into polypyrrole (ZnO-PPy)	Xanthine	0.8 μM	[196]
Polypyrrole nanosheets decorated with platinum nanoparticles (PPy-Pt)	Hydrogen peroxide	0.6 μM	[197]
NiCo2O4-polyaniline (NiCo2O4-PANI)	Glucose	0.3833 μM	[198]
Graphene polyaniline nanocomposite- (GR–PANI-) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (GR-PANI-GCE)	4-Aminophenol	^−8 M	[199]
Graphene-polyaniline-horseradish peroxidase (Grp-PANI-HRP)	Malaria drug Artesunate	0.012 ng mL^−1	[200]
Polyaniline and zirconia nanocomposite film (PANI-ZrO2)	Esomeprazole	97.21 ng mL^−1	[201]
Gold-polyaniline-graphene nanocomposites (Au-Grp-PANI)	Nitrite	0.01 μmol L^−1	[202]
Polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposite (PPy-Grp-GCE)	Adenine, guanine	0.02 μM and 0.01 μM	[203]
Polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanosheets (PPy-GrpO)	Dopamine	73.3 nM	[204]
Praphene-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (graphene–PEDOT) nanocomposite film with ascorbate oxidase (AO) entrapped (Grp-PEDOT-AO)	Ascorbic acid	2.0 μM	[205]
Graphene-polyaniline-Bi2O3 (Grp-PANI-Bi2O3) composite	Anti-inflammatory drug Etodolac	10.03 ng mL^−1	[206]
Copper phosphate nanospheres, polymerized dopamine hydrochloride (Cu3(PO4)2/PDA/Ab2|GCE)	C-reactive protein	0.13 pg mL^−1	[207]