Journal of Nanomaterials

Review Article

Polyol Silver Nanowire Synthesis and the Outlook for a Green Process

Table 1

Summary of the reaction conditions and specifications in several AgNW polyol syntheses.


Regent precursor/capping agent	Reducing agent	Salt mediator	Reaction time, temperature/heating	Morphology & dimensions	Characterization techniques	Ref.

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl	1 hr 170°C	NW Diameter: 26 nm Length: 1113 nm	TEM and UV-vis	[142]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	2 hr plus injection time for AgNO₃ (5 s) and PVP (10 min) 160°C	NW Diameter: Average of 56 nm Length: Average of 12 μm	SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XRD, UV-vis, and FTIR	[118]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	TBADBC	40 min at 25°C (stirring) 2 hr at 25°C (stagnant) 30 min at 120°C Heating at 150/160/170°C	NW Diameter: average of 16 nm Length: average of 35 μm	FE-SEM, XRD, UV-vis, and EDX	[102]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl, CoCl₂, FeCl₃, and CrCl₃	3 hr 160°C	NW Diameter: ~80 nm Length: 75-160 μm	XRD, SEM, and TEM	[101]

PtCl₂, AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	60 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 30-40 nm Length: ~50 μm	TEM, SEM, and UV-vis	[83]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl, CuCl₂, Cu(NO₃)₂, and NaCl	60-90 min 151.1°C	NW Diameter: 100 nm Length: 10-50 μm	TEM and SEM	[6]

AgNO₃, Pd decahedral seeds/PDDA	EG	—	8 hr 200 °C	NR Diameter: ~20 nm Length: ~77 nm	TEM, EDX, UV-vis-NIR, and ATR-FTIR	[85]

AgNO₃	EG	KBr, KOH, KCl, Fe(NO₃)₃, PdCl₂, Na₂S, and ascorbic acid	2 hr 180°C	NW Diameter: 30-450 nm	TEM, SEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[103]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	60 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 60-100 nm Length: 90 μm	SEM, CLSM, and NC-AFM	[123]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl	170°C	NW	SEM and XRD	[87]

AgNO₃/PVP (MW: 15,000)	EG	—	150°C	NP (∼60%)/NW (∼40%) : ∼120nm : ∼3 μm	FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-vis, and IR spectroscopy	[98]

AgNO₃/PVP (MW: 38,000)				NP (∼50%)/NW (∼50%) : ∼100 nm : ∼3 μm

AgNO₃/PVP (MW: 58,000)				NP (∼10%)/NW (90%) : ∼180 nm : ∼8 μm

AgNO₃/PVP (MW: 200,000)				NP (∼5%)/NW (∼95%) : ∼120nm : ∼8 μm NW (∼99%)

AgNO₃/PVP (MW: 800,000)				: ∼100 nm : ∼10 μm

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl	3.5 min Microwave heating	NW	TEM	[59]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl₂	90 min 151.1°C	NW Diameter: <150 nm Length: 400-500 μm	SEM, HR-TEM, and XRD	[7]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	60 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 100 nm Length: 10 μm	FE-SEM, TEM, UV-vis, and XRD	[58]

AgNO₃	PVP in DIW	FeCl₃, NaCl, and Na₂CO₃	24 hr 150°C	NW Diameter: 60 nm Length: 5-20 μm	SEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[88]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	Na₂S	150°C	NW Diameter: 90 nm Length: >10 μm	SEM, HRTEM, SAED, UV-vis, and XRD	[30]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	FeCl₃	145°C	NW Diameter: 72 nm Length: tens of μm	TEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[89]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	(NH₄)₂CO₃	60 min 160°C	NW Diameter: ~100 nm Length: 10-40 μm	SEM, HR-TEM, and SAED	[27]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	FeCl₃	151°C (14°C/min)	NW Diameter: 84 nm Length: 20 μm	SEM, HR-TEM, and UV-vis	[92]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	AgCl	170°C	NW Diameter: 10-50 nm Length: 15-30 μm	SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR	[100]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl NaBr	1 hr 170°C	NW Diameter: 20 nm Length: 20 μm	SEM	[106]

AgNO₃/PVP	Glycerol/DIW	NaCl	210°C (8°C/min)	NW Diameter: 60-90 nm Length: 8-12 μm	SEM, TEM, UV-vis	[73]

AgNO₃/PVP	PG	BMIM-Cl	24 hr 90°C	NW Diameter: 45 nm Length: 25 μm	SEM, LSM, and XRD	[99]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	30 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 100-300 nm Length: 10-50 μm	SEM, TEM, and UV-vis	[93]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl/KBr	4 hr 120°C	NW Diameter: 26 nm Length: 21 μm	SEM and UV-vis	[107]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl and KBr	30 min 160-180°C	NW Diameter: 200 nm Length: 110 μm NW Diameter: 50 nm Length: 80 μm	FEG-SEM and TEM	[115]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaBr	35 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 20 nm Length: 20 μm	TEM, HRTEM, and UV-vis	[108]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG		60 min 160°C		FESEM and UV-vis	[65]
		CuSO₄·5H₂O		NPs and a few NRs
		Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O		NPs
		KCl		NPs and NWs
		NaCl		NPs and NWs
		FeCl₃·6H₂O		NPs and NWs
		CuCl₂·2H₂O		NWs and few NPs
		HCl		NWs and few NPs

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl₂·2H₂O	30 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 31-57 nm Length: 50 μm	TEM and SEM	[66]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	40 min (3 steps) 160°C	NW Diameter: 1820 nm Length: 40 μm	SEM	[124]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl₂	40 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 60-141 nm Length: average of 102 and longest of 268 μm	SEM and XRD	[67]

AgNO₃/PVP	Glycerol/DIW	NaCl	45 min	NW Diameter: 45 nm Length: 200 μm	SEM	[126]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl/KBr	1 hr 160°C/(1000 psi (69 bar) of N₂)	NW Diameter: 16-22 nm Length: 20 μm	TEM and SEM	[127]

AgNO₃/PVP	G/W	CoCl₂·6H₂O	40 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 196 nm Length: 12.46 μm	TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS	[109]

AgNO₃/PVP	1,2-propandiol and EG			NW	TEM, FESEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[68]
		—	90 min, 170°C	,
		FeCl₂	60 min, 155°C	,
		AlCl₃	120 min, 180°C	,
		FeCl₃	30 min, 170°C	,

AgNO₃/PVA	EG	—	90 min	NW Diameter: Length:	SEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[69]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	—	1 hr 160°C	NW Diameter: 40 nm Length: 10 μm	SEM and UV-vis	[74]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl₂	90 min 150°C	NW Diameter: 102 nm Length: 3.2 μm	SEM	[9]

AgNO₃/PVP	Glycerol	—	9 hr 150°C (autoclave)	NW Diameter: 40-50 nm Length: 10-20 μm	SEM, XRD, TEM, and UV-vis	[129]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl and KBr	3 hr 160°C	NW Diameter: 20 nm Length: 50 μm	FED-SEM, AFM, TEM, EDS, EDX, XRD, XPS, and UV-vis-NIR	[94]

AgNO₃/PVP	Glycerol	NaCl	5 hr 150°C	NW Diameter: 40-85 nm Length: >100 μm	XRD, SEM, and UV-vis	[130]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	FeCl₃	5 hr 130°C	NW Diameter: 70-80 nm Length: 10 μm	TEM	[110]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	TBADCB	30 min at 120°C 30 min at 170°C	NW Diameter: 32 nm Length: 65 μm	SEM, XRD, and SPS	[131]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl	2.5 hr 150°C	NW Diameter: 66 nm Length: tens of μm	XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV-vis	[132]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl, FeCl₃, Fe(NO₃)₃, and KNO₃	6 hr 130°C	NW Length: 14-40 μm	SEM, TEM, and UV-vis	[133]

AgNO₃/PVP (in presence of dilute HCl)	EG	—	170-190°C	NW, NC, and NP	TEM and UV-vis	[95]
				Micro and nanocube
				NWs
				NWs & NPs

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl, KBr	1 hr 160°C		SEM, TEM, EDS, EDX, XRD, XPS, and UV-vis	[111]
		AgNO₃/NaCl/NaBr: 80/2/0		Diameter: Aspect ratio: 360 NW yield: 94%
		80/0/2		Diameter: Aspect ratio: 230 NW yield: 30%
		800/2/1		Diameter: Aspect ratio: 380 NW yield: 97%
		80/2/1		Diameter: Aspect ratio: 2100 NW yield: 90%
		16/2/1		Diameter: Aspect ratio: 1400 NW yield: 85%

AgNO₃/PVP	EG/DG	NaCl and KBr	5 hr 145°C	NW Diameter: 35 nm	SEM, TEM, and XRD	[134]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	CuCl₂ and KCl	20-30 min 167°C	NW Aspect ratio: 800	SEM	[112]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl and NaBr	60 min 150°C	NW Diameter: 16 nm Aspect ratio up to 3000	TEM, HRTEM, UV-vis, and XRD	[136]
AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaBr	60 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 13 nm Aspect ratio up to 3000		[136]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl and NaBr	90 min 160°C	NW Diameter: 20-50 nm Length: 30-60 μm	SEM, TEN, and HRTEM	[113]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	MnCl₂ and NaBr	4 hr 120°C	NW Diameter: 20-50 nm Length: 4-7 to 20-34 μm	SEM, TEM, and XRD	[114]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	FeCl₃	8 hr 130°C	NW Diameter: ~ 55 nm Length: ~ 220 μm	SEM, TEM, and HRTEM	[137]

AgNO₃/PVP	EG	NaCl and Fe(NO₃)₃	15 hr 110°C	NW Diameter: 45 nm Length: 40 μm	SEM, TEM, HRTEM, XRD, and UV-vis	[140]