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| Spontaneous models | Surgical induction models | Intra-articular injection models |
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| Principle of the experiment | The cause of OA is related to certain genetic mutations
OA spontaneously occurs with age
Genetically modified animals constructed using transgenic or gene knockout technologies can also spontaneously form OA | Using surgery to cause disease in the joint cavity to produce OA | Injecting toxic or inflammatory compounds directly into the joint cavity of the joint to induce disease by destroying extracellular matrix or articular cartilage cells |
| Types of commonly used models | Male Hartly guinea pig, STR/ort mice, Bgn-Fbn double gene knockout mice, Cre-Gdf5/Bmpr1a floxP mice | The Hulth method, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), partial or full meniscus resection, medial meniscus tear, joint mark method | Types of drugs: chemicals, enzymes, and hormones
Common injection drugs: MIA, collagenase, papain, etc. |
| Advantage | Animal models of spontaneous OA have similar pathogenic characteristics to humans | Using aseptic technique to induce, the results are highly reproducible and the modeling experiments are shorter | (1) The molding speed is fast
(2) The pathological changes of cartilage in the end-stage OA can be observed in a short time
(3) Less traumatic and easy to operate |
| Disadvantage | Early diagnosis of OA is difficult. The research time is long. The model may be restricted by environmental factors, ethical conditions, and high economic cost | (1) The trauma is large, and postoperative infection is prone to occur
(2) Traumatic arthritis and synovial inflammation may occur during the operation, which may affect the experimental results | It is difficult to have a certain standard for drug dosage. Different animals have different doses of drugs injected. Therefore, a poor grasp of the drug dosage will cause errors in experiments |
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