Ginsenoside Compound K Promotes Intestinal Peristalsis and the Pharmacokinetic of Metabolite 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol in Relation to Diarrhea

Table 2

The relationship between pharmacokinetics and diarrhea.

Parameters	Sample 1		Sample 2		Sample 3
	Nondiarrhea ()	Diarrhea ()	Nondiarrhea ()	Diarrhea ()	Nondiarrhea ()	Diarrhea ()
G-CK
(ng·ml^−1)
(ng·ml^−1)	—	—	—	—
(ng·ml^−1)	—	—	—	—
(h·ng·ml^−1)
(h·ng·ml^−1)	—	—	—	—
(l)
(l·h^−1)
(h)
(h)	3.00 (2.00-6.00)	3.00 (2.50-6.00)	2.25 (1.50-5.00)	2.50 (1.50-3.50)	3.50 (1.50-5.00)	3.50 (1.50-5.00)
20(S)-PPD
(ng·ml^−1)^a
(ng·ml^−1)^a	—	—	—	—
(ng·ml^−1)^a	—	—	—	—
(h·ng·ml^−1)
(h·ng·ml^−1)	—	—	—	—
(l)		^b		—^c
(l·h^−1)		^b		—^c
(h)				—^c
(h)	24.00 (5.00-48.00)	24.00 (12.00-36.00)	24.00 (24.00-36.00)	24.00 (24.00-24.00)	6.00 (0.25-24.00)	6.00 (0.25-24.00)

: the maximum plasma concentration normalized to doses of G-CK; : the minimum concentrations normalized to doses of G-CK; : the average concentration normalized to doses of G-CK; : the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration normalized to doses of G-CK; : the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 24 h normalized to doses of G-CK; : apparent volume of distribution after extravascular administration; : the apparent plasma clearance of the drug after extravascular administration; : terminal half-life; : time to maximum plasma concentration. Sample 1 was pooled from three dose (100, 200, and 400 mg G-CK) groups of the single-dose trial; sample 2.