Performance of Natural Dye Extracted from Annatto, Black Plum, Turmeric, Red Spinach, and Cactus as Photosensitizers in TiO₂NP/TiNT Composites for Solar Cell Applications

Figure 1

Photographs of selected natural products for dye extraction.

(a) Annatto seeds

(b) Black plum fruits

(c) Turmeric roots

(d) Red spinach leave

(e) Cactus fruits

(f) The extracted dyes