Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Degradation Rate, and Biocompatibility of Magnesium-Carbonate Apatite (Mg-Co₃Ap) Composite and Its Potential as Biodegradable Orthopaedic Implant Base Material

Table 1

Results of the first indirect biocompatibility test.

Specimen	Survivability at 24 hours (±SD)	Survivability at 48 hours (±SD)	Survivability at 72 hours (±SD)
Blank media	0.000	0.000	0.000
Control media with cells only	100.000	100.000	100.000
Pure magnesium	18.421 (±0.153)	24.211	0.000
Mg-5CA 3 hours of milling time	56.316 (±00.115)	44.737 (±0.147)	0.000 (±0.174)
Mg-10CA 3 hours of milling time	70.000 (±0.102)	32.105 (±0.127)	23.684 (±0.176)
Mg-15CA 3 hours of milling time	85.263 (±0.088)	47.895 (±0.139)	11.579 (±0.148)
Mg-5CA 5 hours of milling time	4.211 (±0.168)	53.684 (±0.123)	35.789 (±0.161)
Mg-10CA 5 hours of milling time	35.263 (±0.136)	63.158 (±0.118)	23.158 (±0.136)
Mg-15CA 5 hours of milling time	0.000 (±0.175)	44.211 (±0.109)	44.737 (±0.149)
Mg-5CA 7 hours of milling time	64.211 (±0.108)	6.842 (±0.127)	0.000 (±0.127)
Mg-10CA 7 hours of milling time	85.789 (±0.088)	14.737 (±0.165)	0.000 (±0.180)
Mg-15CA 7 hours of milling time	66.842 (±0.105)	36.316 (±0.157)	0.000 (±0.179)

Notes: ; .