Research Article
Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) from Brewer’s Spent Grain Using Acid Hydrolysis: Characterization and Optimization
Table 2
RSM-CCD experimental design matrix and response data.
| Std | Run | Time (min) | Temperature (°C) | Sulfuric acid (wt%) | Liquid-solid ratio (ml/g) | Yield (%) |
| 21 | 1 | 40 | 50 | 47 | 20 | 41.61 | 19 | 2 | 40 | 45 | 51 | 20 | 41.77 | 11 | 3 | 35 | 55 | 47 | 25 | 37.89 | 14 | 4 | 45 | 45 | 55 | 25 | 36.78 | 9 | 5 | 35 | 45 | 47 | 25 | 36.18 | 4 | 6 | 45 | 55 | 47 | 15 | 37.83 | 2 | 7 | 45 | 45 | 47 | 15 | 35.31 | 25 | 8 | 40 | 50 | 51 | 20 | 43.02 | 13 | 9 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 25 | 38.34 | 12 | 10 | 45 | 55 | 47 | 25 | 38.51 | 24 | 11 | 40 | 50 | 51 | 25 | 42.79 | 10 | 12 | 45 | 45 | 47 | 25 | 36.91 | 22 | 13 | 40 | 50 | 55 | 20 | 42.33 | 8 | 14 | 45 | 55 | 55 | 15 | 36.96 | 3 | 15 | 35 | 55 | 47 | 15 | 35.73 | 5 | 16 | 35 | 45 | 55 | 15 | 36.61 | 7 | 17 | 35 | 55 | 55 | 15 | 36.74 | 26 | 18 | 40 | 50 | 51 | 20 | 42.95 | 16 | 19 | 45 | 55 | 55 | 25 | 37.74 | 18 | 20 | 45 | 50 | 51 | 20 | 41.55 | 17 | 21 | 35 | 50 | 51 | 20 | 41.14 | 20 | 22 | 40 | 55 | 51 | 20 | 42.46 | 6 | 23 | 45 | 45 | 55 | 15 | 37.42 | 15 | 24 | 35 | 55 | 55 | 25 | 37.58 | 1 | 25 | 35 | 45 | 47 | 15 | 34.42 | 23 | 26 | 40 | 50 | 51 | 15 | 42.46 |
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