Surface Roughness and Electrochemical Performance Properties of Biosynthesized α-MnO₂/NiO-Based Polyaniline Ternary Composites as Efficient Catalysts in Microbial Fuel Cells

Table 10

Summary of triplicate final concentration (COD_f) and their COD removal efficiency values for different anode electrodes during CCV measurements under optimum conditions.

Anode electrode	Experiment 1 (CODf (mg L^-1))	Experiment 2 (CODf (mg L^-1))	Experiment 3 (CODf (mg L^-1))	(mg L^-1)	Removal efficiency (COD%)	Coulombic efficiency (CE%)
PGE	50.92	51.20	62.39		67.00	2.29
α-MnO2/NiO/PANI/PGE	31.59	28.10	30.37		81.92	10.30

() is calculated using OriginPro 8 software. SD = standard deviation; substrate = (glucose, COD_o, 166 mg/L). Note: both COD removal efficiency and CE were calculated from the mean values of COD_f.