Effect of Hafnium Coating on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Split Mouth Animal Study

Table 1

Table showing values () of independent -test for insertion torque (primary stability) and removal torque for both the groups ().

Torque values	Group A (pure titanium screws)	Group B (hafnium-coated screws)	Significance ( value)
Insertion torque or primary stability (N/cm^2)			(0.003)
Removal torque (N/cm^2)			(0.023)

Independent sample -test.