Mycosynthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles Using the Cell-Free Filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Antifungal Activities

Figure 8

The optical, fluorescence, SEM, and TEM microscopy images of mycosynthesized V₂O₅NP-treated using concentration (55.89 μg/mL) and normal/untreated MCF-7 cells. The morphological changes and reduction of cancer cell populations were observed in treated MCF-7 cell-line exposed to V₂O₅NPs compared with normal/nontreated cells. Optical microscopy showed that chromatids of cancer cells were condensed, when treated with the concentration of V₂O₅NPs. AO/EB staining displayed that the nontreated proapoptotic cells and dead/necrotic cells were detected to be green, orange, or yellow, and because of the binding of AO into cell membranes, proapoptotic cells were detected as orange/yellow red color, respectively. TEM and SEM showed cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and integrity of plasma membrane after being treated with V₂O₅NPs.