Numerical Simulation of the Performance of Applying Different Nanofluids in a Tube with a 90° Bend at the Center of the Tube

Table 1

Selected parameter for the study.

Parameter	Range
Nanoparticles	Alumina (Al2O3), CuO, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Conventional base fluid	Water (H2O)
Nanoparticle concentration	0.1–0.5%
Inlet fluid temperature	35–50°C
Reynolds number	5000–11000