Emerging Trends in the Delivery of Resveratrol by Nanostructures: Applications of Nanotechnology in Life Sciences

Table 1

The literature survey of various liposomal formulations reported for resveratrol.

Liposomes
Composition	Particle size	Preparation method	Notes	References
DOPE, DOTAP, and DPPC	ND	Homogenization and ultrasonication	Demonstrated the cellular uptake of fluorescent RES liposomes via cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells and decreased production of ROS and inhibited apoptosis	[47]
Cholesterol and human holo-transferrin, egg phosphatidylcholine, DOPE cholesteryl hemisuccinate, and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- (lissaminerhodamine B sulfonyl)	<200 nm	Film hydration method	The transferrin-loaded liposomes showed internalization in U-87MG cells. Induced apoptosis followed by activation of caspase-3/7 in glioblastoma cells	[48]
DSPE-PEG-2000	200–250 nm	Film hydration method	The thermal analysis showed that the presence of RES gets itself localized near the glycerol backbone and 5-fluorouracil gets localized near the phosphate moiety of liposomal, and release kinetics of both were altered. Liposomal preparation improved the cytotoxicity in comparison to free drug	[49]
(3ß-[N-(N9,N9-Dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol, cholesterol, DPPC	110–360 nm	Film hydration method	RES interacted with the bilayer and is more deeply inserted in cationic liposomes than zwitterionic liposomes. No effect on the viability of fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells, and U373-MG was observed	[38]
Phosphatidylcholine, DSPE-mPEG2000	25 nm–102 nm	Thin hydration method	RES and paclitaxel were encapsulated in liposomes and found improvement in efficacy on drug-sensitive MCF-7 and drug-resistant MCF-7 cell line	[50]
Cholesterol and soy PC	110 nm	Film dispersion method	Encapsulated RES using liposomes and nanocarriers. Liposomal preparation showed more physical and chemical stability. An increase in cellular concentration was observed in 3T3-L1 cells	[51]
DSPC, DPPE, DPPA, glycerol	1000 nm	Supercritical method	The liposomal formulation was influential in the treatment of acute blunt injury of gastrocnemius muscles in rats	[52]
Ethanol and lipoid S 100	100 and 200 nm	Film hydration method	Prepared liposomes-in-hydrogel encapsulating RES. Formulation enhanced the antichlamydial effect of RES	[53]
Soy phospholipid mixture	200–260 nm	Ultrasonication	The liposomes prepared using curcumin, resveratrol and epicatechin gallate showed induction of p53 and acetyl p53 and activation of caspase-3. The liposomes showed suppression of CD133 and SOX2 glioblastoma cells, which are known for tumor recurrence	[54]
DOPE, DOTAP	ND	Film hydration method	RES was entrapped in fusogenic liposomes that can easily target cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells and age-related oxidative stress	[55]
4-Carboxybutyl triphenylphosphonium bromide-polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine; dequalinium-polyethylene glycol-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine; DSPE-PEG2000-COOH	100 nm	Film hydration method	Liposomal preparation enhanced the mitochondrial targeting and anticancer activity of RES. The TPP-based liposomes showed better efficacy on B16F10 cells in terms of ROS generation	[56]
Soy lecithin, Tween 80, and cholesterol	122–140 nm	Film hydration method	It was found that the pectin-coated liposomes were more stable at pH, ionic strength, and temperature. The coating also prevented leakage of RES	[57]
DSPC, cholesterol, DHDP	150–190 nm	Film hydration method	Prepared liposomes encapsulating RES and EGCG. Functionalization with leptin increased permeation in the blood-brain barrier and helped in rescuing dopaminergic neurons	[58]
Phospholipon 100H, cholesterol dicetylphosphate	146–195 nm	Film hydration method	Liposomal RES leads to reduction in the number of epileptic signals in the penicillin-induced model	[59]
Phospholipon 90 NG	412 nm	Proliposomal method	RES encapsulated inside the coating of sodium alginate, alginate-sucrose, and alginate-chitosan microbead insider microspheres for sustained release	[60]
3ß-[N-(N, N-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol hydrochloride, cholesterol, and sodium deoxycholate	105–157 nm	Film hydration method	Prepared liposomal formulation entrapping psoralen and RES for treatment of vitiligo	[61]
Soy phosphatidylcholine, Tween 80	64–176 nm	Film hydration method	The presence of a high amount of ethanol in liposomes leads to fluidity in bilayers and helps in the accommodation of RES in the lipid layer	[62]
Lipoid S75	80 nm	Ultrasonication	Topical administration of quercetin and RES-loaded liposomes led to a significant reduction in edema and leukocyte infiltration	[63]
l-a-Phosphatidylcholine, chitosan	280–550 nm	Film hydration method	Liposomal preparation was effective in reducing the skin aging process	[40]
Phospholipon 90G, cholesterol	300 nm	Film hydration method	Encapsulation of RES and 5-FU leads to an increase in skin permeation and treatment of nonmelanoma cancer cells	[64]
Dihexadecyl phosphate, Phospholipon 90H, cholesterol	103–138 nm	Film hydration method	Enhancement in antioxidant effect in comparison to free RES	[65]
LIPOID S 100, DSPE-PEG-2000, and cholesterol	121–250 nm	Film hydration method	Enhanced passive brain targeting for glioma and plasma half-life	[66]
Phospholipon90G, soybean phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, dicetyl phosphate	70–100 nm	Ultrasonication	Liposomes prevented the cytotoxicity of resveratrol at high concentrations and increased its ability to survive against the stress conditions caused by UVB light	[43]
Lipoid S 100	200 nm	Film hydration method	Liposomal preparation showed more robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action	[37]