Review Article

Effect of Various Factors on Plant Fibre-Reinforced Composites with Nanofillers and Its Industrial Applications: A Critical Review

Table 1

Effect of various factors on NFRC.

S. noFibres usedFactors influencedEffectsReference

1Pineapple leafFibre contentTensile and flexural properties increase with fibre content.[96]
2BambooMoisture absorptionAn increase in moisture resulted in decreased interfacial shear strength.[97]
3PalmyraLength and weight fractionBetter mechanical properties were obtained with a length of 55 mm and a weight of 55%.[98]
4JuteWater absorptionAn increase in water absorption resulted in poor flexural and compressive properties.[99]
5Banana/sisalLength and weightUp to 50% by weight, mechanical properties increased and water absorption decreased.[100]
6Banana/sisalWeight fractionThe highest mechanical properties were obtained at 0.4%.[101]
7Chopped snake grassVolume fractionImproved mechanical properties when the volume fraction increases.[80]
8AbacaFibre loadingThe mechanical properties showed an increasing tendency up to 40 wt.% of fibre loading.[102]
9Banana/sisalMicrofibrillar angle (MFA)High tensile characteristics are seen in fibres with high cellulose content and a low MFA content.[103]
10KenafFibre contentImproved mechanical properties at 25% and 30% fibre content.[104]
11LuffaVolume fraction of fibresThe mechanical characteristics of treated fibre composites were found to be optimal at 40% fibre volume fraction.[105]
12Snake grassVolume fraction and fibre lengthImproved mechanical properties of the short fibre isophthalic polyester composite were achieved at 25% for the 30 mm fibre length.[106]
13Luffa cylindricaFibre contentImproved mechanical properties at 40% fibre content.[107]
14Oil palmAging and wear behaviorThe wear test was carried out in dry conditions, and it was discovered that the composites immersed in engine oil and diesel performed better than the others.[108]
15Lantana camaraLoad and fibre content(1) The proportional wear loss increased in direct proportion to the increase in normal load
(2) The optimum wear resistance property was obtained at a fibre content of 40%
[109]
16AgaveFibre length (3, 5, and 7 mm)3 mm agave fibre reinforcement that has been alkali-treated had better mechanical properties.[110]
17Sansevieria cylindricaFibre length and weightThe mechanical characteristics of composites were optimal at 30 mm fibre length and then deteriorated beyond that.[111]
18VakkaVolume fractionTensile characteristics improved as the percentage of vakka fibre in the composite increased.[86]
19Coir/silkFibre lengthThe mechanical characteristics of composites with 2 cm fibre length were the best.[112]
20Palm/coir fibreFibre weight fractionThe mechanical characteristics of composites with 30% fibre reinforcement were the best.[113]
21Sisal/nanoclay/polyesterFibre and filler weight fractionImprovement in tensile strength and water absorption when 25% sisal and 3% nanoclay.[114]
22Bagasse/nano-SiO2/HDPEFiller loading (2% to 5%)Improvement in tensile strength by 71.46%.[115]
23Bagasse/nano-TiO2/vinyl acetateFiller loading (2%)10% improvement in tensile strength.[116]
24Ramie/CNT/epoxyFiller loading (0 to 0.6%)Flexural strength and modulus were increased by 34% and 37%, respectively.[117]
25Bagasse/nanographene/PPFiller loadingImprovement in mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength.[118]
26Jute/nanographeme/epoxyFiller loadingImprovement in mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength.[119]