Prediction of Tensile Shear Fracture Load of Friction Stir Spot-Welded AA2024-T3/HCS Dissimilar Joints

Table 3

Feasible working limits of process parameters.

Parameters	Limits	Defects
(rpm)		Due to low heat generation in sufficient material flow
		High heat input resulted in severe plastic deformation
(mm/min)		Insufficient material flow resulted in poor bonding
		Excess flash-key hole defect
(sec)		Lack of dwell time causes insufficient bonding of the material
		More dwell time causes key hole formation
		Heat generation low-insufficient material flow
		High heat input and more distortion