Review Article
Trends in Sustainable Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Agri-Food Waste Extracts and Their Applications in Health
Table 1
Agri-food waste extracts used for the sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
| Resource | Agri-food waste | Size (nm) | Shape | Reference |
| Vegetable | Fresh skins and fresh/damaged leaves | 10–90 | Spherical | [116] | Banana | Peel | 23.7 | Spherical | [117] | Vegetable | Peel | Up to 20 | Spherical | [118] | Pomegranate | Peel | 60-150 | Spherical and agglomeration | [119] | Grape Orange | Peel Peel | 3-14 5–50 | Nearly spherical | [120] | Wheat | Bran xylan | 20-45 | Spherical | [121] | Corn | Straw | 20 | Spherical | [122] | Rice | Straw | 30 | Mainly spherical | [123] | Rice | Husk | 20 | NS | [124] | Wheat | Straw | ≈20 | Spherical | [125] | Sugarcane | Bagasse | 22 | Spherical | [126] | Sugarcane | Bagasse | 8-30 | Semi-spherical | [127] | Coconut | Oil cake | 10–70 | Spherical | [128] | Cottonseed | Oil cake | 10-90 | Spherical | [129] | Sesame | Oil cake | 6.6-14.80 | Spherical | [130] | Annona squamosa | Peel | 20-60 | Irregular, spherical | [131] | Mandarin | Peel | 5-20 | Spherical | [132] | Cocoa | Pod husk | 4-32 | Spherical | [133] | Neem | Cake | 30-50 | Spherical | [134] | Vigna mungo | Seed hull | 28.21-91.28 | Agglomeration | [135] | Rambutan | Peel | 100-200 | Triangle and hexagonal | [136] | Lansium fruit | Peel | NS | NS | [137] | Cavendish banana | Peel | 23–30 | Spherical | [138] | Orange | Peel | 10-135 | Nanowires, irregular, spherical, and aggregates | [139] | Arachis hypogaea | Peel | 20-50 | Spherical | [140] | Pomegranate | Peel | 5-45 | Irregular and spherical | [141] | Dragon fruit | Peel | 25.3-26.2 | Spherical | [142] | Carica papaya | Peel | 10–35 | Spherical | [143] | Banana | Peel | 10 | Spherical | [144] | Kinnow mandarian | Peel | NS | NS | [145] | Carica papaya | Peel | 15-20 | Spherical and a few agglomerated | [146] | Punica granatum | Peel | 20-40 | Spherical | [147] | Citrus limon Citrus sinensis Citrus limetta | Peel | 9–46 | Spherical | [148] | Citrus × clementina | Peel | 5-25 | Spherical and small agglomeration | [149] | Pomegranate | Peel | 3–13 | Spherical | [150] | Pomegranate | Peel | 89 | Different | [151] | Citrus sinensis | Peel | 3–12 | Spherical | [152] | Pomegranate | Peel | NS | Spherical | [153] | Parkia speciosa | Hassk pods | 20–50 | Mainly spherical | [154] | Citrus sinensis | Soda lignin bagasse | 19.1 | Spherical | [155] | Wheat | Straw | 9-24 | Nearly spherical | [156] | Rice | Straw | NS | NS | [157] | Peach | Kernel shell | <20 | Spherical | [158] | Sal | Deoiled seed cake | 35–70 | Polygonal and irregular | [159] | Tea | Stalks and dust | 45 | Torispherical | [160] | Grape | Seed | 25-35 | Spherical and polygonal | [161] | Grape | Stalk | 9-55.8 | Spherical | [162] | Orange | Hesperidin and nanocellulose peel | 25.4 | Spherical | [163] | Sapota | Pomace powder | 8-16 | Isotropic | [164] | Coconut | Shell | 14.20–22.96 | Spherical | [165] | Pineapple | Peel | 11-26 | Spherical | [166] | Banana | Blossom peel | NS | NS | [167] |
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