[Retracted] Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in the Metal Mesh Used to Enhance the Heat Transfer Performance of the Catalytic Converter and to Reduce Emission

Table 2

Time to reach light off for different configurations.

Catalytic converter configuration	Time taken to reach light-off temperature for CO reduction	Time taken to reach light-off temperature for HC reduction
145 cubic centimeter EHC catalytic converter without copper oxide nanoparticle coating	156 seconds after the engine started	180 seconds after the engine started
145 cubic centimeter EHC catalytic converter with copper oxide nanoparticle coating	48 seconds after the engine started	168 seconds after the engine started