Effect of Different Ratios of Mentha spicata Aqueous Solution Based on a Biosolvent on the Synthesis of AgNPs for Inhibiting Bacteria

Figure 7

Comparative scheme between resistance mechanisms in bacteria and antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs. Antibiotic resistance mechanisms include (1) permeation barriers, (2) efflux pumps, (3) inactivation of antibiotic, and (4) structural changes in antibiotic targets (represented as “?”) avoiding its recognition. On the other side, AgNPs antibacterial mechanisms includes (6) alteration of efflux pumps, (7) disruption of membrane proteins and electron transport chains, (8) accumulation in membrane affecting permeation, (9) disruption of membrane and leakage of intracellular content, and (5) interaction and damage in DNA. A similar figure was published in the study by Bruna et al. [79].