Utilization of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Biodiesel Production and Property Enhancement

Table 2

Nanomaterial-bound enzymes used for biodiesel production.

Enzyme (lipase)	Nanomaterial	Type of bonding	Oil–alcohol	Yield (%)	Ref.
P. cepacia	Fe3O4 nanoparticle	Covalent	Soyabean oil + methanol	88	[50]
Burkholderia sp.	Magnetic nanoparticle	Adsorption	Olive oil + methanol	90	[51]
Rhizopus miehei	Silica nanoparticle	Encapsulation	Triolein + methanol	89	[52]
Thermomyces lanuginosus	Fe3O4 nanoparticle	Covalent	Waste grease + methanol	80–89	[53]
P. cepacia	Polyacryonitrile fibere	Adsorption	Rapeseed oil + n-butanol	94	[54]