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S. no. | Material | Method | Precursor | Temperature (°C) | Size (nm) | Shape | References |
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1 | α-, β-, γ-, and δ- MnO2 single crystal nanowires/nanorods | Liquid-phase oxidation method | MnSO4·H2O, (NH4)2S2O8, KMnO4 | 120–180 | 5 ± 20 and 40 ± 100 | Ribbonlike nanowires | [52] |
2 | α-MnO2 and δ-MnO2 | Hydrothermal treatment | KMnO4, HNO3 | 70 | 35–50 | Nanoneedle structure | [54] |
3 | α-MnO2, γ-MnOOH, and Mn3O4 | Hydrothermal | — | 60 | ∼500 | Nanoflower-like | [55] |
4 | α-MnO2 | Simple hydrothermal | KMnO4 | 60 | 100–1,000 | Long needle-like shape | [56] |
5 | Nd2O3/Mn3O4 nanocomposites | Sol–gel method | MnSO4·H2O and KMnO4 | 900 | 30–400 | Spherical | [59] |
6 | MnO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) | Hydrothermal | KMnO4 | −40 | 0.21−0.22 | Birnessite-type | [60] |
7 | MnO2, MnO4, MnO7 | Gel formation process | KMnO4 | 400–700 | 32.7, 28.3 | Spherical | [64] |
8 | Manganese oxide | Pulse reverse electrodeposition technique | Manganese acetate | — | ∼400 nm | Flower petals | [67] |
9 | MnO2/VACNTs | Pulsed current electrodeposition method | — | 50 | ∼500 | Spherical | [68] |
10 | MnO2 | Coprecipitation method | KMnO4 | 400 | 20–80 | Tetragonal | [71] |
11 | Manganese oxide nanofoam | Pulsed laser deposition | — | 300, 400, 500 | 10 | Foam like | [77] |
12 | MnO2 | Laser ablation method | — | — | 90–160 | Spherical shape | [78] |
13 | MnO2 | Cyclic voltammetry method | Mn(CH3COO)2 and Na2SO4 | 60 | 0.21–0.26 | Short staggered nanorod shape | [103] |
14 | MnO2 films | Electrochemical deposition method | Mn(CH3COO)2 and Na2SO4 | 60 | 20–50 nm in diameter | Spherical | [104] |
15 | Manganese oxide (α-MnO2) nanoparticles | Chemical precipitation method | Manganese chloride, KMnO4 | 500 | 41.49 | Spherical | [105] |
16 | γ-MnO2 (Nsutite) nanoparticles | Sol–gel technique | — | 100 | — | Rice-like morphology | [106] |
17 | δ-MnO2 nanosheet array | One-step electrodeposition | — | — | — | Nanosheet structures | [107] |
18 | MnO nanoparticles cobalt–manganese oxide | Chemical precipitation technique | manganese chloride (MnCl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | 500 | 28 | Spherical shape | [108] |
19 | Serotonin−stearic acid (ST-SA)/manganese oxide nanocuboids (MNCs) | Chemical precipitation method | — | 80 | ∼18 and ∼21 | Cuboid shape | [109] |
20 | MnO2/silver (Ag) nanoparticles | Sol–gel method | KMnO4 | 500 | 80–90 | Spherical | [110] |
21 | CF@CoFe2O4@MnO2 | Sol–gel method and hydrothermal reaction | — | 100 | 750 | Fibers shape | [111] |
22 | MnCo2O4 nanoparticles | Solvothermal method | — | 450 | 500 | Flower-like | [112] |
23 | Ceria incorporated manganese oxide (NCMO) | Coprecipitationcalcinations and sol–gel methods | — | — | 70–90 | Spherical | [113] |
24 | MnO2 | Green synthesis | KMnO4 | — | 1–60 | Spherical | [114] |
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