Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Research Article

Hop and Acacia Phytochemicals Decreased Lipotoxicity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes, db/db Mice, and Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome

Table 2

Baseline anthropometrics, dietary intake, glucose metabolism, and lipid parameters of study participants by treatment arm.
Arm 1 + 4 (placebo)Arm 2 (3 tablets)Arm 3 (6 tablets)-Value
Sex
 Men111211
 Women242323
Age (y).65
Weight (kg).95
Waist (cm).99
BMI (kg/m2).89
Total energy (kJ).45
Carbohydrate (g).56
Protein (g).70
Total fat (g).33
Saturated fat (g) 2 7 . 5 ± 2 . 1 3 1 . 7 ± 2 . 7 .33
Fruit (serving) 2 . 3 ± 0 . 3 2 . 5 ± 0 . 3 2 . 8 ± 0 . 4 .53
Vegetable (serving) 3 . 1 ± 0 . 3 3 . 4 ± 0 . 3 3 . 2 ± 0 . 2 .67
Soluble fiber (g) 1 . 7 ± 0 . 2 2 . 7 ± 0 . 6 1 . 4 ± 0 . 1 .03
Insoluble fiber (g) 4 . 4 ± 0 . 4 5 . 0 ± 0 . 7 4 . 2 ± 0 . 4 .54
Blood pressure (mmHg)
 Systolic 1 3 1 . 0 ± 2 . 6 1 2 9 . 7 ± 2 . 4 1 2 7 . 5 ± 3 . 0 .64
 Diastolic 8 3 . 7 ± 1 . 4 8 2 . 6 ± 1 . 3 8 3 . 7 ± 1 . 8 .83
F. glucose (mmol/L) 5 . 3 5 ± 0 . 0 9 5 . 5 0 ± 0 . 1 0 5 . 3 8 ± 0 . 0 9 .53
Glucose 2pp (mmol/L) 6 . 0 6 ± 0 . 2 9 7 . 1 3 ± 0 . 3 7 6 . 7 7 ± 0 . 4 4 .11
F. insulin (pmol/L) 9 4 . 7 ± 6 . 5 1 2 5 . 3 ± 1 5 . 9 9 9 . 2 ± 9 . 9 .12
Insulin 2pp (pmol/L) 5 7 5 . 5 ± 6 5 . 1 8 2 0 . 9 ± 1 3 2 . 4 5 9 9 . 4 ± 8 1 . 8 .14
HbA1c, % 5 . 6 1 ± 0 . 0 6 5 . 6 8 ± 0 . 0 7 5 . 7 0 ± 0 . 0 7 .63
Cholesterol (mmol/L) 5 . 4 8 ± 0 . 1 8 5 . 4 1 ± 0 . 1 7 5 . 4 6 ± 0 . 1 7 .96
LDL (mmol/L) 3 . 2 0 ± 0 . 1 4 3 . 1 0 ± 0 . 1 5 3 . 1 9 ± 0 . 1 6 .88
TG (mmol/L) 2 . 6 1 ± 0 . 2 6 2 . 8 9 ± 0 . 2 5 2 . 5 2 ± 0 . 1 8 .53
HDL (mmol/L) 1 . 0 7 ± 0 . 0 3 1 . 0 7 ± 0 . 0 3 1 . 0 9 ± 0 . 0 3 .83
Chol  :  HDL 5 . 2 ± 0 . 2 5 . 1 ± 0 . 2 5 . 0 ± 0 . 2 .74
TG  :  HDL 5 . 8 ± 0 . 6 6 . 3 ± 0 . 6 5 . 4 ± 0 . 4 .46