The Relation of Coffee Consumption to Serum Uric Acid in Japanese Men and Women Aged 49–76 Years
Table 2
Age-adjusted means and proportions of possible confounders according to coffee consumption levels by sex*.
Variable
Coffee (cups/d)
for trend†
0
1
1–3
4–6
7
Men
No. of subjects
846
1294
2216
508
100
Age (year), mean
64.4
63.6
62.0
60.1
58.8
.0001
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean
23.3
23.6
23.5
23.5
23.3
.88
Current alcohol use, %
73.2
73.1
70.3
63.9
55.6
.0001
Current smoking, %
21.8
24.6
33.5
48.2
54.6
.0001
High intake of seafood‡, %
27.1
26.6
25.3
21.7
18.6
.02
High job activity (17 MET-hr/d)§, %
22.4
19.8
20.6
18.8
21.3
.28
High leisure-time activity (15 MET-hr/w)§, %
25.5
26.3
25.8
27.6
20.5
.90
Hypertension, %
64.4
62.8
60.9
61.1
60.1
.04
Diabetes mellitus, %
11.8
9.9
10.3
15.9
14.3
.48
Low eGRF (60 mL/min/1.73 m2), %
11.1
14.6
14.8
13.0
13.9
.10
Women
No. of subjects
1054
1810
3270
496
68
Age (year), mean
63.9
63.2
61.4
59.0
58.6
.0001
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean
22.3
22.5
22.6
23.0
23.2
.0001
Current alcohol use, %
19.2
24.8
29.2
28.0
22.4
.0001
Current smoking, %
3.4
4.4
6.3
15.1
15.5
.0001
High intake of seafood‡, %
25.8
26.2
23.8
22.7
25.1
.29
High job activity (17 MET-hr/d)§, %
26.3
25.7
26.5
28.6
18.9
.45
High leisure-time activity (15 MET-hr/w)§, %
23.2
22.8
25.2
25.0
15.7
.13
Hypertension, %
46.6
46.9
46.3
44.5
40.1
.33
Diabetes mellitus, %
4.5
4.6
3.8
4.6
1.0
.27
Low eGRF (60 mL/min/1.73 m2), %
10.6
9.7
9.4
8.8
10.3
.21
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; MET: metabolic equivalent.
*Means were adjusted for age (as a continuous variable), and proportions were adjusted for 5-year age class using the direct method with total men and women each as standard populations. †Analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used for continuous variables; the Mantel-Haenszel method was applied for age-standardized proportions. ‡The highest one-fourth in men (74 g/d) and in women (68 g/d). §The highest one-fourth in the distribution.
