Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Their Association with C-Reactive Protein and Incident Type 2 Diabetes

Table 3

Relative risks (95%CI) for incident type 2 diabetes by tertiles of energy-adjusted glycemic index and glycemic load in 4,366 Dutch adults aged ≥55 years.

	Low	Moderate	High	𝑃 for trend
Glycemic index	(<57.6)	(≥57.6–<60.3)	(≥60.3)
Median	55.7	58.9	62.1
# cases/total	149/1,455	141/1,456	166/1,455
Person years	16,227	16,023	15,691
Crude model	1	0.96 (0.76, 1.21)	1.16 (0.93, 1.44)	.19
Model 1	1	0.91 (0.72, 1.15)	1.02 (0.81, 1.29)	.84
Model 2	1	0.96 (0.76, 1.22)	1.06 (0.83, 1.35)	.64
Model 3	1	0.94 (0.74, 1.19)	0.95 (0.75, 1.21)	.71
Model 4	1	0.92 (0.73, 1.17)	0.96 (0.75, 1.22)	.75
Glycemic load	(<117.6)	(≥117.6–<134.6)	(≥134.6)
Median	107.1	126.4	146.1
# cases/total	173/1,455	149/1,456	134/1,455
Person years	15,825	16,206	15,910
Crude model	1	0.83 (0.67, 1.03)	0.77 (0.61, 0.96)	.02
Model 1	1	0.86 (0.69, 1.07)	0.77 (0.61, 0.96)	.02
Model 2	1	0.92 (0.72, 1.17)	0.98 (0.72, 1.33)	.86
Model 3	1	0.91 (0.71, 1.16)	1.00 (0.74, 1.36)	.96
Model 4	1	0.90 (0.70, 1.15)	0.99 (0.73, 1.35)	.91

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and family history of diabetes.
Model 2: as model 1 with additional adjustments for intake of energy, protein, saturated fat, alcohol, and fiber.
Model 3: as model 2 with additional adjustment for BMI.
Model 4: as model 3 with additional adjustment for ln C-reactive protein.