Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Hepatic Steatosis: Species-Specific Effects on Liver and Adipose Lipid Metabolism and Gene Expression

Figure 1

Current concepts in the pathways of trans-10, cis-12 CLA-induced hepatic steatosis. (1) Adipose tissue lipodystrophy caused by increased proinflammatory cytokines and reduced adipokines leading to higher circulatory levels of free FA (FFA). (2) Hyperinsulinemia induced by systemic insulin resistance. (3) Alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism leading to hepatic steatosis. (4) Alterations in hepatic FA composition. SREBP-1c, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; PEPCK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase; G6P, glucose 6-phosphatase; ChREBP, carbohydrate response element-binding protein; PPAR-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α; LC-PUFA, long chain polyunsaturated FA.